El ħuruf
Talkhis
Kima taqrib kol lugha, et Tunsi yetekteb b ħuruf malmumin mεa bεadh'hom fil alfabe. Lalfabe et Tunsi fih 31 ħarf.
Anweε el ħuruf
Et Tunsi yetkteb b alfabe fiha 31 ħarf maqsumin εle zuz anweε, el ħuruf es simpel (25 ħarf) wel ħuruf el mrakbin (6 ħuruf).
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el ħuruf es simpel huma elli mrakbin men sambol weħed bark, kima el "a", el "b" wel "ε".
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el ħuruf el mrakba hya elli fiha zuz sambolet, eth theni fihom "h" kima el "ch", el "dh" wel "kh".
En notq mteε el ħuruf
Barcha ħuruf εand'hom akther men notq. En notq mteε ħarf ynajjem yetbaddel men kelma l kelma, wala men lahja l lahja fi nafs el kelma. Bech ennajmu nfarqu bin lektiba mteε ħarf wen notq mteεu, bech nħottu en notq bin "[]". Bech nestaεmlu zeda es sambulet ":" (zuz nqot fuq bεadh'hom) w "¨" (zuz nqot baħdha bεadh'hom) bech nfarqu bin anweε ennotq mteε nafs el ħarf.
Es sambulet hadhuma yetbaddel el maεna mteεhom ħasb el ħarf elli mεahom:
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":": ez zuz nqot fuq bεadh'hom yoqzdu el ħarf elli iji εle ej jnab lisar mteεhom;
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ki yetħattu mεa konson (kima [d:], [th:], ...), maεneha el ħarf hadheka yetentaq khchin. Mithel: [d]elleεa =!= [d:]ar;
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ki yetħattu mεa vwayel (kima [a:], [u:], elk), maεneha el vwayel hadheka yetentaq twil. Mithel: tal[i]fun =!= b[i:]t.
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"¨": yoqzdu el ħarf elli taħt'hom w dima yetħattu fuq el vwayalet bech nqulu elli huma yetnatqu bel khchin.
Mithel: [a]riana =!= b[ä]r.
Tablo mteε el ħuruf
| Ħarf |
Notq |
Exompel |
Mulaħdha |
| A |
a |
ariana |
a qsira |
| A |
a: |
bab |
a twila |
| A |
ä |
qalb |
a khchina qsira |
| A |
ä: |
dar |
a khchina twila |
| B |
b |
bordgen |
|
| CH |
ch |
chams |
|
| D |
d |
dinar |
|
| D |
d: |
dar |
d khchina |
| DH |
dh |
dh'hab |
|
| DH |
dh: |
mdhalla |
dh khchina |
| E |
e |
ena |
e qsira |
| E |
e: |
εlech |
e twila |
| Ɛ |
ε |
εaluch |
|
| F |
f |
flus |
|
| G |
g |
gamra |
|
| GH |
gh |
mgharfa |
|
| H |
h |
hrisa |
|
| Ħ |
ħ |
ħchich |
|
| I |
i |
hrisa |
i qsira |
| I |
i: |
qarnita |
i twila |
| J |
j |
jrana |
|
| K |
k |
kelma |
|
| KH |
kh |
mkhadda |
|
| L |
l |
kelma |
|
| M |
m |
maryul |
|
| N |
n |
nes |
|
| O |
o |
ghorbel |
|
| O |
o: |
roz |
|
| U |
u |
maryul |
|
| P |
p |
portabel |
|
| Q |
q |
qarqna |
|
| R |
r |
maryul |
|
| S |
s |
suq |
|
| S |
s: |
slata |
s khchina |
| T |
t |
telifun |
|
| T |
t: |
mtarqa |
t khchina |
| TH |
th |
thnin |
|
| V |
v |
vinyet |
|
| X |
ks |
taxi |
|
| Y |
y |
yasmin |
|
| Z |
z |
zhar |
|
| Z |
z: |
zazzar |
z khchina |
| ' |
' |
su'el |
|
Rod belek (R.B.)
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Barcha kelmet yetbaddel en notq mteεhom ħasb ellahjet.
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Fi barcha lahjet tunsiyya, el "q" yetentaq [g] w kelmet kif yezleq twali tetqra [yezleg] much [yezleq];
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Saεat ki yebda qoddem el "q" vwayalet, en noteq mteɛhom yetbaddel w ywalli ajwed. Kelmet qalb mathalan, twalli fil lahjet hedhi [galb] much [qälb] kima tetqal fil Ɛasma wala fes Seħel. Mithel ekher; "qal"_ maεadech tetentaq [qä:l], ama [ge:l].
El vwayel el waħid elli maytabbaεech el qaεda hedhi hua el "u" elli yoqεod mayetbaddalech.
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Ama kif yabda waħdu, el "u" ynajjem yetentaq saεat [o] wala [o:] fi barcha lahejet tunsiyya: kelmet mutur twali [motor] fi εudh [mutur] w ruz twali [ro:z] fi blaset [ruz];
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Fel Mahdiya w barcha blayes okhrin, el "dh" ([dh]) yetentaq saεat [d] wel "dh" ([dh:]) ywalli [d:].
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Kifech yetketbu lekelmet hadhuma? Bech nsahlu el ktiba wel qraya mteε et Tunsi bin laεbed el kol wel lahjet el kol, el kelmet hadhuma yetketbu kifkif mahma ken ennotq mteεhom. Fel qraya mbaεd, kol weħed yontoq kima mestenes yaħki kol yum, kima qaεed ysir fi barcha lughat okhrin;
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Ħarf el "s" en notq mteεu mayetbaddalech w yoqεed hua bidu ħata kif yabda bin zuz vwayelet. Yaεni hrisa tetentaq [hrisa] much [hriza] w blasa hya [blas:a] much [blaza];
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El "c" mahuch mawjud fel ħuruf el twensa εle khater εawdhuh el "k" (karrusa, eli aselha "carosse") wel "s" (blasa, eli aselha "place"). Es sambol nalqawah fi ħarf el "ch";
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Kif yebda el ħaref eli baεd el konson vwayel twila, el konsonne tetentaq khchina: dar tetentaq [d:ä:r] much [dä:r];
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Zuz konsonet kifkif wra bεadh'hom yetnatqu bel chadda, maεneha εattar tetqal [ɛat:-t:ä:r];
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Ki yebda fama ħarf "h" baεd "d", "g", "k" wala "t", nħotto binet'hom apostrof "'" bech nfarquhom εal ħruf elli yechbhulhom ("dh" w "d'h", ...); Mithel: Kurot'hom nħotu fiha el "'" bech matetqrach kurothom.
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El apostrof "'" tetħat zeda bech bech nektbu biha el "a" mantuqa fi west el kelma. Mithel: su'el [su'e:l]. El apostrof mayetħattech fi uwwel el kelma. Mithel : nektbu Ines much 'Ines.